How Y-less is the blood cell of a human tumour? A study in vitro and in uterine bladder cancer with sex differences
That context can vary on the basis not only of the organ affected, but even of the tumour’s location in the organ and the presence or absence of other genetic mutations, says Haupt. “You cannot generalize,” she says. People don’t get the point when they just throw all the data together.
Brown, D. W. & Machiela, M. J. Why Y? Downregulation of Y genes can increase the risk of cancer. J. Natl Cancer Inst. 112, 871–872 (2020).
This also presents a potential target for anti-cancer therapies, says co-author Ronald DePinho, a cancer researcher at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston. This is a druggable target.
In mice, a therapeutic antibody that can restore the activity of those immune cells was more effective against such Y-less tumours than against tumours that still had their Y chromosome. The team looked at human tumours and found similar trends. Jan Dumanski a geneticist at Uppsala University in Sweden is not involved in the research but he says the finding is important because it suggests a better way to treat these cancers. Some tumours have been successfully treated with checkpoint inhibitions, which are similar to antibodies.
Meanwhile, researchers have also found that the Y chromosome, which is often found in men, can be spontaneously lost during cell division. A number of conditions, including heart disease, neurodegenerative conditions and some cancers, can be related to the Y-less blood cells found in men as they age.
(This article uses ‘men’ to describe people with a Y chromosome, while recognizing that not all people who identify as men have a Y chromosome, and not all people who have a Y chromosome identify as men.)
The two studies have the same goal of understanding why many cancer’s have a bias towards men. “It’s becoming clear that it’s beyond lifestyle,” she says. There is a genetic component.
There are sex differences in a model of bladder cancer. Bladder 3, e22 (2016).
Lattime, E. C., Gomella, L. G. & McCue, P. A. Murine bladder carcinoma cells present antigen to BCG-specific CD4+ T-cells. Cancer Res. 52, 4286–4290 (1992).
Lindskrog, S.V. and others. An integrated multi-omics analysis identifies prognostic molecular subtypes of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Nat. Commun. 12 was last updated in 2021.
There are effects of donor age on the transformation of adult bladders in mice. National Cancer Inst. The film was released in 1979.
Stock and Sugiura were two people. The effect of 2,4,6-triethylenimino-s-triazine on the growth of a variety of mouse and rat tumors. Cancer 5, 979–991 (1952).
RSEM: A bioinformatics study of tumor suppressor EZH2 inhibition by CD8+ T cell (TOX/TOX2)
Ler, D. et al. Bladder cancer can be treated through inhibition of EZH2, if there is a loss of tumor suppressor KDM6A. Sci. Transl. There is a medication in the Med 9, Eai8312.
H., Y., and Seo were related. The TOX and TOX2 are transcription factors which work together to impose exhaustion on the CD8+ T cell. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 116, 12410–12415 (2019).
RSEM: transcript quantization from data with or without a reference genome. The BMC Bioinformatics was published in 2011.
The report summarizes the analysis results for multiple tools and samples. The project was Bioinformatics 32, 3047–3048.
Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06234-x
Digital spatial profiling of a multicenter, phase 2 trial with atezolizumab in cancer patients with locally advanced and relapsed urothelial carcinoma
The case of Hernandez, S. and others. There are challenges and opportunities for immunoprofiling using a spatial high-plex technology. Digital spatial profiler. Front. Oncol. 12, 890410 (2022).
J. E. and others are involved in a paper titled, “Enhancing the reliability of data in computer-aided detection.” The single-arm, multicenter, phase 2 trial was designed to assess the effects of atezolizumab in patients with locally advanced and relapsed urothelial carcinoma. Lancet 387, 1909–1920 (2016).
Becht, E. Estimating the population abundance of tissue-infiltrating immune and stromal cell populations using gene expression. Genome Biol. 17, 218 (2016).
Thommen, D. S. et al. A transcriptionally and functionally distinct PD-1+CD8+ T cell pool with predictive potential in non-small-cell lung cancer treated with PD-1 blockade. Nat. Med. 24, 994–1004 (2018).
Kumagai, S. et al. The balance of effector and regulatory T cells is a good predictor of the efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapies. Nat. Immunol. 21, 1346–1358 (2020).
Nielsen, M. & Andreatta, M. NetMHCpan-3.0; improved prediction of binding to MHC class I molecules integrating information from multiple receptor and peptide length datasets. Genome Med. 8, 33 (2016).
Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06234-x
What do scientists think about the removal of radioactive elements from research submersibles? An oceanographer’s perspective on the Titanic case
Adikusuma, F., Williams, N., Grutzner, F., Hughes, J. & Thomas, P. Targeted deletion of an entire chromosome using CRISPR/Cas9. There’s a name for that. Ther. 25, 1736–1738 was published.
How the Y chromosome makes some cancers more deadly for men. Plus, what the science says about releasing Fukushima’s wastewater and a ‘duct tape for surgery’ inspired by barnacle glue wins Spinoff Prize.
Rescuers are scrambling to understand what went wrong on OceanGate’s submersible vessel Titan, which went missing on 18 June while carrying five passengers to visit the wreckage of the Titanic. On research subs, some of the scientific equipment doubles as a safety system, explains oceanographer Peter Girguis. He worries that they ignored the features that are in research submersibles because they struck them as costly or uninteresting. It would be a bad idea to deploy a crewed sub for the duration of Titan, but remotely operated robotic submersibles that work at 6,500 metres would be an ideal asset to get to site. “The real challenge, of course, is how do you get out to this remote location in the Atlantic in time?”
The contaminated water will soon be released by Japan into the Pacific Ocean. There are still some unanswered questions about hydrogen 3 and carbon 14, but treatment has removed most of the radioactive elements. Some scientists suggest the risks are negligible. Jim Smith said that radioactive water is usually removed from nuclear power plants. Others are concerned that tritium could concentrate in the food web. Will the people promoting this show us that it will be safe for ocean health and human health? Robert is a marine Biologist. “The answer is ‘no’.”
Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-023-02086-7
Land-sparing and its impacts on biodiversity: Conservationists, environmentalists and conservationists: The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and Nature
Land-sparing could lessen farming’s impact on the environment without exacerbating harm elsewhere — and it’s cheaper than other approaches, write environmental economist Ian Bateman and conservation scientist Andrew Balmford. Land sharing, rewilding and organic farming risk driving up biodiversity loss by shoring the problem up, they argue. The approaches reduce crop yield, which leads to increased food imports and ecological damage overseas. The methods of land sparing include joining up habitat patches and using yield- boosting methods. The researchers argue that governments should stop ignoring impacts to make better policy decisions.
The 17 United Nations sustainable development goals are being used to build an international project to end poverty and achieve equality while protecting the environment. The world leaders agreed on goals and a deadline to achieve them. It looks like all of the goals will not be accomplished, and just 12% of the targets will be met. In September, world leaders will gather in New York City to come up with a rescue plan — and scientists are key to its success. A Nature editorial kicks off a series of articles on what needs to be done. “If there’s even a small chance that we can still achieve the SDGs by 2030, we need to seize it with both hands,” says the editorial.
Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-023-02086-7
The entrepreneurial story of Devil’s Island: a ruthless penal colony on the south-western half-Algebra
Algeria ejected the colonizers’ rocket launch site when it gained independence from France. France went looking for a new location, which had to be conveniently located near the equator. It turned to Devil’s Island, a ruthless French penal colony in French Guiana. Today the region is home to the Guiana Space Centre, the main spaceport of France and the European Space Agency. Ethonograper Karlijn Korpershoek explores how missions such as the James Webb Space Telescope came to be launched from this South American locale.
The company has been awarded a prize for university spin-off companies. The bandages won’t stick to certain organs. Sanaheal’s “duct tape for surgery” sticks and then shrinks inwards, pulling cuts closed and adding mechanical reinforcement that promotes wound healing. The same thing that barnacle glues do is done with it, according to the mechanical engineer-turned-entrepreneur. There is a true bioinspiration here. 7 min read.
Health-equity officer Aletha Maybank says that, to repair the institutional systems that produce health inequity, it’s not enough to just measure disease outcomes. Understanding people’s experiences is important. (Nature | 8 min read)