The ancient history of the Caucasus: How the Yamnaya arrived in the cosmo-geospatial region
Two blockbuster ancient studies show a migration of herders across the region around 5,300 years ago. The rise of steppe ancestry in most places that are not English was evidence to support the hypothesis that Yamyana were responsible for seeding many of the non-English languages.
Nearly half the world’s population speaks at least one of the roughly 400 Indo–European languages. Nearly all the European and Central Asian languages are included.
The paper was written by Wang, C.-C. Ancient human genome-wide data from a 3000-year interval in the Caucasus corresponds with eco-geographic regions. Nat. Commun. 10, 590 (2019).
In search of that connection, Reich and his colleagues hoped to identify the genetic origins of the Yamnaya. This has been a challenge because the group has quickly expanded its genetic signature. Reich says that it looks like a cancer tumour, but he can’t tell where it came from because it expanded so fast.
The story of Europe has been a mystery for 200 years, and now we are close to a solution.
“I think they are truly groundbreaking,” says Kristian Kristiansen, an archaeologist at the University of Gothenburg in Sweden. “This really solves two big unresolved questions.” The first is the origin of the Yamnaya.
rnaturalearth (Rapidity of the Stone Age in Eneolithic Ukraine): A genomic history of the North Pontic Region from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age
The second was posed in the eighteenth century, when scholars noticed similarities between classical Greek and Latin and Sanskrit, an ancient language from South Asia, and suggested a common origin.
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Source: A genomic history of the North Pontic Region from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age
Automated preparation of mitochondrial genome sequence of a Middle Pleistocene cave bear (Nova) from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age
A manual and automated preparation of single stranded DNA libraries for the collection of highly degraded DNA from ancient biological remains and other sources. The name is Nat. Protoc. 15, 2279–2300 (2020).
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In population divergence studies, cross-cultural estimation of the human generation interval is used. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. In 2005 there were 128, 411, and 423.
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Source: A genomic history of the North Pontic Region from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age
The Pitted Ware a priori population: genetically influenced foragers in the Neolithic (Neo) pitted-ware era
Coutinho, A. et al. The Neolithic Pitted Ware culture foragers were culturally but not genetically influenced by the Battle Axe culture herders. Am. Anthropol is a journal of physics. 172, 638–649 (2020).
Problemy datuvannya ta kulturnoy pryinalezhnosti, is the problemy. Arhelogia 4, 26–48 (2017).
Chintalapati, M., Patterson, N. & Moorjani, P. The spatiotemporal patterns of major human admixture events during the European Holocene. eLife 11, e77625 (2022).