Influence of wild bird migration on the spread of influenza in the arctic and subarctic: a case study of Louise Moncla
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To study changes in the virus’s behaviour, the authors examined data reported to the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations and the World Organisation for Animal Health between 2005 and 2022, and analysed more than 10,000 viral genomes.
Louise Moncla, an evolutionary virologist at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, agrees. If it comes from wild birds, it will be really hard to manage, no matter how much you do in poultry.
It developed two subtypes in 2021 and 2022. One spread across the northern coastal regions of central Europe and was eventually carried to North America by birds migrating across the Atlantic Ocean. The other was carried around the Mediterranean Sea and into Africa.
Two sides of the coin: Influence genes in highly pathogenic influenza A (H5N8) virus and host-specific ancestry
A strain of Viruses called H9N2 play a part in the evolution of H5N1, he says. They aren’t well monitored. “Eradication or elimination strategies that target these low pathogenic viruses would be a huge step forward in terms of controlling avian influenza itself,” says Dhanasekaran.
But “there’s probably two sides of the coin here”, he adds. There are interactions with LPAI ones that can lead to the development of HPAI viruses. The genes are divided into eight segments that can be mixed and matched. When two Viruses Co-Infect the Same Cell, they could swap their genes.
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